6, 7 However, perturbation of the gut microbiome by environmental incursions (such as antibiotic use, diet or changes in geography), impairment of host-microbiome interfaces, or alterations of the immune system can result in systemic dissemination of commensal microorganism, susceptibility to pathogenic invasion, and aberrant immune responses. 5 Such intimate relationship requires the proper functioning of host immunity to prevent commensals from over-exploitation of host resources while maintaining immune tolerance to innocuous stimuli. From an ecological perspective, mammals and their commensal microorganisms co-evolved toward mutualism and hemostasis. The mammalian immune system encompasses a complex network of innate and adaptive components in all tissues, and plays a vital role in host defense against various potentially harmful external agents and endogenous perturbations of homeostasis. Recent advances in microbiome research revealed that the gut microbiome is not just a passive bystander, but actively impacts multiple host functions, including circadian rhythmicity, nutritional responses, metabolism and immunity. 1 The collective genomes of bacteria and other microorganisms in this ecosystem, including fungi, viruses, parasites, 2 have been increasingly investigated during the past two decades, facilitated by a rapid development of culture-independent genomic techniques. ![]() The human body, including the gut, skin and other mucosal environments, is colonized by a tremendous number of microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiome. We highlight aspects of the current knowledge, challenges and limitations in achieving causal understanding of host immune-microbiome interactions, as well as their impact on immune-mediated diseases, and discuss how these insights may translate towards future development of microbiome-targeted therapeutic interventions. Here, we review features of microbiome-immunity crosstalk and their roles in health and disease, while providing examples of molecular mechanisms orchestrating these interactions in the intestine and extra-intestinal organs. In a genetically susceptible host, imbalances in microbiota-immunity interactions under defined environmental contexts are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of a multitude of immune-mediated disorders. The microbiome plays critical roles in the training and development of major components of the host’s innate and adaptive immune system, while the immune system orchestrates the maintenance of key features of host-microbe symbiosis. “Diamond Mine’s Pitbull” nevertheless took control with a headscissors takedown – even breaking out some mid-match pushups while maintaining her grip on the hold – and soon ensnared Feroz in a reverse dragon sleeper to secure the tapout win.The interplay between the commensal microbiota and the mammalian immune system development and function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis and disease. ![]() Valentina Feroz, who has picked up several wins across the singles and tag team ranks, kept her ferocious opponent at bay in the early goings, twice taking Nile to the canvas with an impressive arm drag and a side headlock takeover. While Diamond Mine has run roughshod through NXT 2.0 and 205 Live since its formation last summer, perhaps no member has turned as many heads as the undefeated Ivy Nile. With a smile from ear-to-ear, a gleeful Hayward celebrated his debut victory with his professor. proud” by chucking his foe with a ring-shaking hip toss, dropping him with a pair of “three-point stance” chop blocks, and rolling up Raaj for the three-count. Hayward heeded his professor’s instructions to “make Chase U. ![]() With that, Hayward competed in his first match, going head-on with Guru Raaj. ![]() Andre Chase kicked off the latest edition of 205 Live by dishing out his latest “teachable moment” while flanked by his top student, who was identified as Bohdi Hayward.Ĭhase revealed that Hayward was offered the very first Andre Chase University full scholarship for recently showing incredible bravery during separate dustups with Harland and Von Wagner, and he proclaimed that the time is now for Chase U.
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